{"id":1757,"date":"2014-08-13T08:49:05","date_gmt":"2014-08-13T08:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/?p=1757"},"modified":"2022-12-31T20:46:37","modified_gmt":"2022-12-31T12:46:37","slug":"hemp-fibres-better-than-graphene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/hemp-fibres-better-than-graphene\/","title":{"rendered":"Hemp fibres &#8216;better than graphene&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The waste fibres from hemp crops can be transformed into high-performance energy storage devices, scientists say.<\/h2>\n<p>They &#8220;cooked&#8221; cannabis bark into carbon nanosheets and built supercapacitors &#8220;on a par with or better than graphene&#8221; &#8211; the industry gold standard.<\/p>\n<p>Electric cars and power tools could harness this hemp technology, the US researchers say.<\/p>\n<p>They presented their work at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.acs.org\/content\/acs\/en\/meetings\/fall-2014.html\" class=\"story-body__link-external\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">American Chemical Society meeting<\/span><\/a> in San Francisco.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;People ask me: why hemp? I say, why not?&#8221; said Dr David Mitlin of Clarkson University, New York, who describes his device <a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/nn400731g\" class=\"story-body__link-external\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">in the journal ACS Nano<\/span>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re making graphene-like materials for a thousandth of the price &#8211; and we&#8217;re doing it with waste.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The hemp we use is perfectly legal to grow. It has no THC in it at all &#8211; so there&#8217;s no overlap with any recreational activities.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"story-body__crosshead\">Secret sauce<\/h2>\n<p>In countries including China, Canada and the UK, hemp can be grown industrially for clothing and building materials.<\/p>\n<p>But the leftover bast fibre &#8211; the inner bark &#8211; typically ends up as landfill.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1777\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/hempfibres.jpg?resize=624%2C351&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/hempfibres.jpg?w=624&amp;ssl=1 624w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/hempfibres.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape no-caption full-width\"><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape no-caption full-width\"><span class=\"image-and-copyright-container\" style=\"font-size: 12px;\"> <span class=\"off-screen\">Image <\/span><span class=\"story-image-copyright\">SPL<\/span> <\/span><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dr Mitlin&#8217;s team took these fibres and recycled them into supercapacitors &#8211; energy storage devices which are transforming the way electronics are powered.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"quote\">\n<div class=\"quote-inner\">\n<blockquote class=\"quote\">\n<p>It&#8217;s a waste product looking for a value-added application. People are almost paying you to take it away<\/p>\n<footer>Dr David Mitlin, Clarkson University, New York<\/footer>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Conventional batteries store large reservoirs of energy and drip-feed it slowly, whereas supercapacitors can rapidly discharge their entire load.<\/p>\n<p>They are ideal in machines that rely on sharp bursts of power. In electric cars, for example, <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160131201649\/http:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/view\/521651\/graphene-supercapacitors-ready-for-electric-vehicle-energy-storage-say-korean-engineers\/\" class=\"story-body__link-external\" style=\"color: #993300;\">supercapacitors<\/a><\/span> are used for regenerative braking.<\/p>\n<p>Releasing this torrent requires electrodes with high surface area &#8211; one of graphene&#8217;s many phenomenal properties.<\/p>\n<p>Stronger than diamond, more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber, the &#8220;<span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-21014297\" class=\"story-body__link\" style=\"color: #993300;\">miracle material<\/a><\/span>&#8221; was the target of a \u00a350m investment by UK Chancellor George Osborne.<\/p>\n<p>But while this carbon monolayer is the state-of-the-art material for commercial supercapacitors, it is prohibitively expensive to produce.<\/p>\n<p>Finding cheap, sustainable alternatives is the speciality of Dr Mitlin&#8217;s former <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160322015647\/http:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/CMENG\/Mitlin-Group\/\" class=\"story-body__link-external\" style=\"color: #993300;\">research group<\/a><\/span> at the University of Alberta.<\/p>\n<p>They have experimented with all flavours of biowaste &#8211; from peat moss to eggs. Most recently, they <a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/nn502045y\" class=\"story-body__link-external\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">turned banana peel into batteries.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1778\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/george-osbourne.jpg?resize=624%2C351&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/george-osbourne.jpg?w=624&amp;ssl=1 624w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/george-osbourne.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape has-caption full-width\"><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape has-caption full-width\"><span class=\"image-and-copyright-container\" style=\"font-size: 13px;\"> <span class=\"off-screen\">Image copyright<\/span> <span class=\"story-image-copyright\">Oli Scarff \/ Getty<\/span> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class=\"media-caption__text\">George Osborne invested \u00a350m in graphene <\/span><\/span><figcaption class=\"media-caption\"><span class=\"media-caption__text\"> <br \/><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;You can do really interesting things with bio-waste. We&#8217;ve pretty much figured out the secret sauce of it,&#8221; said Dr Mitlin.<\/p>\n<p>The trick is to tailor the right plant fibre to the right electrical device &#8211; according to their organic structure.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;With banana peels, you can turn them into a dense block of carbon &#8211; we call it pseudo-graphite &#8211; and that&#8217;s great for sodium ion batteries,&#8221; he explained.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;But if you look at hemp fibre its structure is the opposite &#8211; it makes sheets with high surface area &#8211; and that&#8217;s very conducive to supercapacitors.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The first step, he explained, &#8220;is to cook it &#8211; almost like a pressure cooker. It&#8217;s called hydrothermal synthesis.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Once you dissolve the lignin and the semicellulose, it leaves these carbon nanosheets &#8211; a pseudo-graphene structure.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullout\">\n<div class=\"pullout-inner\">\n<h2 class=\"heading\">Graphene<\/h2>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1779 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/graphene.jpg?resize=200%2C112&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"112\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"media-landscape no-caption\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"pullout\">\n<div class=\"pullout-inner\">\n<ul class=\"story-body__unordered-list\">\n<li class=\"story-body__list-item\">Graphene is a form of carbon that exists as a sheet, one atom thick<\/li>\n<li class=\"story-body__list-item\">Atoms are arranged into a two-dimensional honeycomb structure<\/li>\n<li class=\"story-body__list-item\">Discovery of graphene announced in 2004 by the journal Science<\/li>\n<li class=\"story-body__list-item\">About 100 times stronger than steel; conducts electricity better than copper<\/li>\n<li class=\"story-body__list-item\">Touted as possible replacement for silicon in electronics<\/li>\n<li class=\"story-body__list-item\">About 1% of graphene mixed into plastics could make them conductive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-20084285\" class=\"story-body__link\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">The science of materials<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-11478645\" class=\"story-body__link\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">How sticky tape trick led to Nobel Prize<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>By fabricating these sheets into electrodes and adding an ionic liquid as the electrolyte, his team made supercapacitors which operate at a broad range of temperatures and a high energy density.<\/p>\n<p>Direct comparisons with rival devices are complicated by the variety of measures for performance.<\/p>\n<p>But Mitlin&#8217;s peer-reviewed <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/nn400731g\" class=\"story-body__link-external\" style=\"color: #993300;\">journal paper<\/a> <\/span>ranks the device &#8220;on par with or better than commercial graphene-based devices&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;They work down to 0C and display some of the best power-energy combinations reported in the literature for any carbon.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;For example, at a very high power density of 20 kW\/kg (kilowatt per kilo) and temperatures of 20, 60, and 100C, the energy densities are 19, 34, and 40 Wh\/kg (watt-hours per kilo) respectively.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"media-portrait no-caption body-narrow-width\"><\/figure>\n<p>Fully assembled, their energy density is 12 Wh\/kg, which can be achieved at a charge time less than six seconds.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"story-body__crosshead\">Growth industry<\/h2>\n<p>&#8220;Obviously hemp can&#8217;t do all the things graphene can,&#8221; Dr Mitlin concedes.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;But for energy storage, it works just as well. And it costs a fraction of the price -$500-1,000 a tonne.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Having established a proof of principle, his start-up company <a href=\"http:\/\/www.altasupercaps.com\/\" class=\"story-body__link-external\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Alta Supercaps<\/span><\/a> is hoping to begin small-scale manufacturing.<\/p>\n<p>It plans to market devices to the oil and gas industries &#8211; where high-temperature operation is a valuable asset.<\/p>\n<p>His move to the US coincides with a change in regulatory attitudes &#8211; with signs that hemp could be <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-20463504\" class=\"story-body__link\" style=\"color: #993300;\">making a comeback<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In China the crop is widely cultivated, and in Canada, the industry for textiles is growing.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Fifty miles down the road from my house in Alberta there was an agricultural hemp processing facility. And all that bast fibre &#8211; it just sits in a high bay, and they don&#8217;t know what to do with it,&#8221; Dr Mitlin told BBC News.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s a waste product looking for a value-added application. People are almost paying you to take it away.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And if the technology really takes off &#8211; it could help economies, he argues.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s a robust plant &#8211; you can even grow it in Alberta, Manitoba.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;A lot of farmers would be thrilled to grow hemp.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hempalliance.org.au\/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: #008000;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Featured image<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-28770876\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: #993300;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The waste fibres from hemp crops can be transformed into high-performance energy storage devices, scientists say. They &#8220;cooked&#8221; cannabis bark into carbon nanosheets and built supercapacitors &#8220;on a par with or better than graphene&#8221; &#8211; the industry gold standard. Electric cars and power tools could harness this hemp technology, the US researchers say. They presented [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1781,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cannabis-the-wonder-herb","category-technology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1757\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dingo.news\/voice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}